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Category: IARUMS
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Published: Friday, 08 May 2009 17:43
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Written by Hani Raad
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The following short list of classifications of emissions is for those modes most frequently used by non-amateur stations operating in the Amateur Bands and is for you guidance only. While the list is not complete it covers the Minimum format to be used when submitting reports. For your further information the paper contains an extract of the ITU classifications of emission for those who wish to report the full details of signals heard.
Some examples of symbols for the most common classes of emission.
Telephony:
Single side band, suppressed carrier (SSB) J3E
Frequency modulation (FM) F3E
Phase modulation (PM) G3E
Amplitude modulation (AM) A3E
RTTY & SITOR:
Direct frequency shift keying of the carrier F1B
Frequency shift keyed audio tone (FM) F2A
Frequency shift keyed audio tone (SSB) J2B
Morse:
On/off keying of carrier (hand sending) A1A
On/off keying of carrier for automatic reception A1B
On/off keying of the Audio tone (FM transmitter) F2A
Extract from the Radio Regulations of Article 2, Nomenclature.
Section III. Designation of Emissions
S2.2 Emissions shall be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification in accordance with the method described in Appendix 1.
Extract from the Radio Regulations of Appendix 1
APENDIX S1
Classification of Emissions and Necessary Bandwidths
(see Article 2)
Section II. Classification
§ 3. The class of emission is a set of characteristics conforming to § 4 below.
§ 4. Emissions shall be classified and symbolised according to their basic characteristics as given in Sub-Section IIA and any optional additional characteristics as provided for in Sub-Section IIB.
§ 5. The basic characteristics (see Sub-Section IIA) are;
(1) first symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier;
(2) second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier;
(3) third symbol - type of information to be transmitted.
Modulation used only for short periods and for incidental purposes (such as, in many cases, for identification or calling) may be ignored provided that the necessary bandwidth as indicated is not thereby increased.
Sub-Section IIA. Basic Characteristics
§ 6. (1) First symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier
(1.1) Emission of an unmodulated carrier N
(1.2) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are angle-modulated)
(1.2.1) Double-sideband A
(1.2.2) Single-sideband, full carrier H
(1.2.3) Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier R
(1.2.4) Single-sideband, suppressed carrier J
(1.2.5) Independent sidebands B
(1.2.6) Vestigial sidebands C
(1.3) Emission in which the main carrier is angle-modulated
(1.3.1) Frequency modulation F
(1.3.2) Phase Modulation G
(1.4) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude - and angle-modulated either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence D
(1.5) Emission of pulses2
(1.5.1) Sequence of unmodulated pulses P
(1.5.2) A sequence of pulses
(1.5.2.1) modulated in amplitude F
(1.5.2.2) modulated in width/duration L
(1.5.2.3) modulated in position/phase M
(1.5.2.4) in which the carrier is angle modulated
during the angle-period of the pulse Q
(1.5.2.5) which is a combination of the forgoing
or is produced by other means V
(1.6) Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of
the main carrier modulated, either simultaneously or in a
pre-established sequence, in a combination of tow or more of
the following modes; amplitude, angle, pulse W
(1.7) Cases not otherwise covered X
2Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which has been coded into quantized form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be designated under (1.2) or (1.3)
§ 6. (2) Second symbol - nature of signals(s) modulating the main carrier
(2.1) No modulating signal 0
(2.2) A single channel containing quantized or digital information
without the use of a modulating sub-carrier3 1
(2.3) A single channel containing quantized or digital information
with the use of a modulating sub-carrier3 2
(2.4) A single channel containing analogue information 3
(2.5) Two or more channels containing quantized or digital
information 7
(2.5) Two or more channels containing analogue information 8
(2.7) Composite system with one or ,more channels containing
quantized or digital information, together with one or more
channels containing analogue information 9
(2.8) Cases not otherwise covered X
3 This excludes time-division multiplex.
§ 6. (3) Third Symbol - type of information to be transmitted
(3.1) No information transmitted N
(3.2) Telegraphy - for aural reception A
(3.3) Telegraphy - for automatic reception B
(3.4) Facsimile C
(3.5) Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand D
(3.6) Telephony (including sound broadcasting) E
(3.7) Television (video) F
(3.8) Combination of above W
(3.9) Cases not otherwise covered X
4 In this context the word ‘information’ does not include information of a constant, unvarying nature such as is provided by standard frequency emissions, continuous wave and pulse radar. etc.
Sub-Section IIB. Optional Characteristics for the Classification of Emissions
§ 7. Two optional characteristic should be added for a more complete description of an
emission. These are (see also Recommendation 62)
Fourth symbol - Details of signal(s)
Fifth symbol - Nature of multiplexing
Where the fourth or fifth symbol is used it shall be as indicated below.
Where the fourth or fifth symbol is not used this should be indicated by a dash where each symbol would otherwise appear
§ 7. (1) Fourth symbol - Details of signal(s)
(1.1) Two-condition code with elements of differing numbers and/or
durations A
(1.2) Two-condition code with elements of the same number and
duration without error correction B
(1.3) Two-condition code with elements of the same number and
duration with error correction C
(1.4) Four-condition code in which each condition represents a
signal element (of one or more bits) D
(1.5) Multi-condition code in which each condition represents a
signal element (or one or more bits) E
(1.6) Multi-condition code in which each condition or combination
of conditions represents a character F
(1.7) Sound of broadcasting quality (monophonic) G
(1.8) Sound of broadcasting quality (stereophonic or quadraphonic) H
(1.9) Sound of commercial quality (excluding categories given in
sub-paragraphs 1.10 and 1.11) J
(1.10) Sound of commercial quality with the use of frequency
inversion or band splitting K
(1.11) Sound of commercial quality with separate frequency- modulated
signals to control the level of demodulated signal L
(1.12) Monochrome M
(1.13) Colour N
(1.14) Combination of the above W
(1,15) Cases not otherwise covered X
§ 7. (2) Fifth symbol - Nature of Multiplexing
(2.1) None N
(2.2) Code-division multiplex5 C
(2.3) Frequency-division multiplex F
(2.4) Time-division multiplex T
(2.5) Combination of frequency-division multiplex and time-division
multiplex W
(2.6) Other types of multiplexing X
5 This includes bandwidth expansion technique
